The Basics of Descriptive and Narrative Essay Topics

The Basics of Descriptive and Narrative Essay Topics Choosing Good Descriptive and Narrative Essay Topics Writing an essay is a vital portion of any curriculum. John E. Warriner wrote the finest English Composition and Grammar course I've read up to now. Always think deeply about how to make a fantastic essay structure it's a significant part academic writing. Mastering dialogue writing takes a growing number of practice. A personal narrative essay must be engaging, meaning that you must include fantastic ideas with the essential points of information. When composing various essay examples, you will discover a lot of ideas that you may have rarely thought about before. Picking out the ideal words makes it effortless for the students to convey the message well. It is a fact that you can succeed by doing good. What You Don't Know About Descriptive and Narrative Essay Topics Most individuals must give a narrative speech sooner or later in life. Normally, most readers receiv e the best representation of something through the usage of their senses! Just do not forget that personal narratives will allow you to grow as an individual and help different individuals can learn lessons from you. Possessing numerous topics in mind is going to be of help since you'll finally pick the ones that you own a lot to write about. The Secret to Descriptive and Narrative Essay Topics Essays have existed for many decades. It is preferable to devote some opportunity to locate and work on a topic that reflects an intriguing matter. Let's say, for instance, you wish to compose a narrative essay about a time once your favourite childhood pet passed away. Death is a scary subject but all of us have to address it during our lifetimes. What the In-Crowd Won't Tell You About Descriptive and Narrative Essay Topics Narrative writing is a type of expository writing which provides the students an opportunity to reflect and write more about themselves. Getting creative and des criptive can on occasion be a challenge. The student finds it increasingly beneficial for them to take assistance from professional writers. The students discover that it's challenging to compose various forms of narrative papers due to the fact that they don't have the ideal abilities. Introducing Descriptive and Narrative Essay Topics You just mean to make the suitable range of composing solution, and also you are going to be good to get. In short you'll be weighing the topics with respect to information content. With essay services which are writing the majority of the resources had a need to create a paper exemplary are readily available. Your portfolio isn't a backlog. A Secret Weapon for Descriptive and Narrative Essay Topics The reader should ultimately be in a position to observe the described image like they were looking at a painting or a photograph for the very first time. On the flip side, fantastic selection of words makes it simple for the writer to convey the valid message. At any time you catch yourself feeling captivated by a person's essay or article, take a close look at it. A descriptive essay is a sort of essay which aims at assisting you to illustrate something to your reader in a manner which they can see, feel, or hear what you're referring to. Contemplating the simple fact, descriptive essay is an exceptional sort of a term paper, the structure also differs from the one which you are accustomed to. The narrative papers title comes from the essential point or idea which will be utilized in the whole narrative papers. In the same way, some narrative papers have single word topics that are critical in creating a title as the writer will be at their very own freedom to formulate a title dependent on the vital word. In reality, you can describe a subject of any size and nature, but it's almost not possible to prepare a great descriptive essay should you not really like it. Below, you will discover a list of such topics t hat you have the ability to utilize in your narrative essay. So you are in possession of a wide variety of topics to compose a descriptive essay. Some students believe they can write great descriptive essays regardless of what their topics are. Nobody really wants to compose an essay. If you are searching for descriptive essay examples here's a great one below. To compose an outstanding essay, it's vital to use specific academic language. All narrative writing consists of scenes and summaries. You are among the finalists in a mission to attend a new planet full of intelligent alien life. If you're writing a personal essay, for instance, you might very well will need to describe different people and events that produce your story real. No matter the writer chose, it's important to abide by that view throughout the entire story to prevent confusion to the readers. Despite being just two sentences, the vital facts and events are held in the very first sentence, together with the photo included. Normally, a structure of essay contains three major sections, in other words, introduction, body, and conclusion. There are plenty of sorts of essays, and following is a concise explanation of a number of them. Your essay ha s to be free from errors like spelling mistakes and wrong grammar. You can also see narrative writings. It is possible to also read your essay to other folks to receive their feedback. TheA introduction ofA your essay should allow the reader know theA nature of what you'll be describing and your viewpoint. If you haven't written any narration essays before, you ought to read works of different students to comprehend how to develop a structure, the way to use your private narrative ideas, and what topics you'll be able to utilize. Therefore, you take part in descriptive writing. Including the statement on day one of the very first paragraph makes it simple for the reader to comprehend what the narrative paper is all about. A thesis statement ought to be in the previous sentence in which you create the focus of the entire essay. The ideal way to understand the gist of writing narrative speeches is to analyze some fantastic examples of them. Give brief information regarding this issue you're writing on. Today you can narrow down it to a single topic. You should choose a topic that you're interesting in. Select an intriguing essay topic, and you are going to begin enjoying it. An opportunity to consider like an essay writing prompt you'll get a range of hundreds of at least creative bent! Of all various sorts of essays a student may need to write, the descriptive one is unquestionably the easiest. Narrative essays serve a vast array of purposes. They serve a wide variety of purposes.

Love in a Midsummers Night Dream - 1772 Words

How does Shakespeare use the theme of love in ‘A Midsummer Night’s Dream’? Shakespeare uses the theme of love to show how complicated love can be; Hermia falling in love with Lysander and Egeus not allowing her to get married to Lysander. Lysander and Hermia try to figure things out between themselves and their forbidden love, â€Å"The course of true love never did run smooth†. On the other hand Shakespeare uses comical love with Helena’s unrequited love for Demetrius. Helena is so sad she calls herself his spaniel, â€Å"Lord, what fools these mortals be!† Another example of comical love is Titania falling in love with Bottom, with the ass’s head on. Love can blind our eyes in some situations and we can fall head over heels, which makes us look†¦show more content†¦Near the end there is a scene where both men are in love with her and she feels that she is right in the middle of a practical joke, with Hermia, Demetrius and Lysander pulling her strings. They start to quarrel and it begins as a little fight but ends as a massive brawl: â€Å"Lysander, speak again. Thou runaway, thou coward, art thou fled?† Demetrius is looking for Lysander in the dark so he can only be found by his voice. But this fight has all been fun and a game played by Puck as he mimics Lysander’s voice. From these lines, Shakespeare shows that Puck can be very mischievous when he has fun but also serious around his master. However Lysander and Demetrius grow tired and fall asleep next to Hermia and Helena, where they are found the next morning by Theseus, Hippolyta and Egeus. However, Shakespeare makes Puck see from the actions of the four young adults, that humans can be very foolish and can also have a rollercoaster ride of love with all its ups and downs, especially in Athens with its law giving the father the right to select the man for his daughter: â€Å"Lord what fools these mortals be!† This line shows that Puck brings Oberon to see the sight of Demetrius’s unrequited love towards Helena and the forbidden love of Hermia and Lysander because of their strange antics, which are partly down to Puck and his mischief, so Oberon decides to sort it out. Oberon deals with the chaos with the potion of the flower ‘loveShow MoreRelatedAnalysis on A Midsummer Nights Dream by William Shakespeare1239 Words   |  5 PagesGreat Chain of Being. This hierarchy, with God and royalty at the top, man in the middle above women, and animals near the bottom, was the basis of status. Deviation from the established order was considered absurd and created chaos. In A Midsummer’s Night Dream, Shakespeare uses the juxtaposition of contrasting people and settings to explore the effects of disorder in Elizabethan society while revealing character flaws for comic effect. The antagonistic setting of Theseus’ Athens and the surroundingRead MoreMale Dominance in a Midsummers Night Dream1304 Words   |  6 PagesTo what extent is Shakespeare trying portray male dominance over the female characters, in A Midsummer’s Night Dream. Almost in every play of Shakespeare we can see the dominance of males over women. In his plays women have no right to say what they think or what they want. They are always expected to be faithful to their fathers and husbands. They don’t have any freedom about their lives. However we know that this attitude of men against women in Shakespeare’s plays is a reflection of RenaissanceRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article Twelfth Night 998 Words   |  4 PagesThe introduction of Twelfth Night, written by M.M. Mahood, provides a cultural setting for readers to better understand the play. Although Mahood wrote the introduction for Twelfth Night, the information also allows readers to appreciate the magical freedom that A Midsummer Night’s Dream encompasses. Mahood delves into the cultural significance of Puritanism early in the 17th century through the character of Malvolio. Although Twelfth Night is a comedy, the presence of morally strict PuritanismRead More A Mids ummers Nights Dream by William Shakespeare Essay639 Words   |  3 Pages A Midsummers Nights Dream by William Shakespeare William Shakespeare wrote a midsummers night dream in 1595. He wrote this comedy to celebrate the marriage of a noble man. An important guest at the wedding was Elizabeth 1st. The play describes the adventures of two sets of lovers as they pass through the forest outside Athens, they are misused by immortals Oberon the fairy king and puck his messenger. To get revenge on his wife Titania, Oberon misuses Bottom a labourerRead More Night in William Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights Dream Essay1379 Words   |  6 PagesNight in William Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights Dream One of the recurring themes throughout Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream is the time of day during which the play’s major action takes place: night. This being the case, there are certain words that are directly linked to this theme that appear numerous times throughout the script. Four such words are â€Å"moon,† â€Å"moonlight,† â€Å"moonshine,† and â€Å"lunatic.† Each comes from a feminine root that serves to identify the women in the play asRead MoreMidsummer Night Dream Venus And Adonis Analysis1220 Words   |  5 PagesIyanna Penigo Ms. Chirat Period 4 May 13, 2017 In the works of Midsummer’s Night Dream, Venus and Adonis, and, Shakespeare uses themes, motifs, allusions, and imagery to suggest his audience reread and deeply analyze confusing passages several times to fully understand his masterpieces. In the play, A Midsummer’s Night Dream begins with Theseus, Duke of Athens, preparing for his marriage to Hippolyta, Queen of the Amazons, with a four-day festival. Egeus, a citizen of Athens, goes to see TheseusRead MoreMidsummer Night Dream Compare And Contrast Essay981 Words   |  4 Pagescapture the original then change it to make the movie version of it up to par to the original. From the original play of A Midsummer’s Night Dream that was created by Shakespeare in the movie version of it created by Michael Hoffman, there are many similarities and differences that are in the movie some are very stark while others are very subtle differences. A Midsummer’s Night Dream is a romantic comedy that Shakespeare had created in the sixteenth century. All the events that happen in the play andRead MoreRalph Waldo Emerson s Dead Poets Society1376 Words   |  6 Pageshis own thoughts and opinions when he auditions for A Midsummer’s Night Dream. He tells Todd Anderson that he is â€Å"gonna be an actor! Ever since I can remember, I ve wanted to try this...but, of course, my father wouldn t let me. For the first time in my whole life, I know what I wanna do†(Dead Poets Society). As a result of Neil reexamining his father’s choices for him, Neil finds the freedom and motivation to pursue acting, something he loves, and in doing so fights the pressure to conform placedRead MoreRalph Waldo Emerson s Dead Poets Society1214 Words   |  5 Pagesfather and rely on his own thoughts and opinions when he auditions for A Midsummer’s Night Dream. He tells Todd Anderson that he is, â€Å"gonna be an actor! Ever since I can remember, I ve wanted to try this...but, of course, my father wouldn t let me. For the first time in my whole life, I know what I wanna do.† As a result of Neil reexamining his father’s choices for him, Neil finds the freedom and motivation to do something he loves. After he gets the role decides to become an actor, Neil starts strugglingRead MoreEssay on Social Order In A Midsummer Nights Dream883 Words   |  4 PagesOnce removed, society succumbs to its most basic state: emotions. Pure, raw emotions fill the void where logic once dictated and the world falls into chaos. It is this very situation where Shakespeare drew his inspiration for his play, A Midsummer’s Night Dream. In a world with four lovers, hoodwinked by the lord of the fairies and his loyal servant Robin, disorder ensnares the human race and chaos ensues. Through the use of prosody, Shakespeare was able to juxtapose the Athenian nobles, the working

Depression and Mental illness Essay Example For Students

Depression and Mental illness Essay According to Michael D. Yapko, PhD,(1997) in every way, depression is a growing problem. Rates of depression have steadily climbed over the last 50 years and are significantly higher in those born after 1954 than in those born before. In addition, the average age of on-set depressive episode is steadily decreasing it is now mid-20s whereas it once was mid-30s. Cross-cultural data show that the United States has a higher rate of Depression and Mental illness Essay than almost any other country, and that as Asian countries Westernize their rates of depression increase correspondingly. (p.37) And according to the Illinois State Police, (1999), one of seven depressed people will commit an act of violence against themselves or others. (p.1) The purpose of this paper is to view and discuss depression and mental illness risk factors associated with violence. This paper will view some of the characteristics and violent behavior risk factors associated with a depressed or mentally ill person. It will also, compare characteristic that characterize a person suffering form depression or a person that is mentally ill. This paper will discuss treatment or punishment debated concerning depression and mental illness in the justice system. Existing studies will be used to help in the study of depression and mental illness from different sources. Depression, according to Webster (1988), is a psychotic condition marked by an inability to concentrate and feelings of dejection and quilt.(p.364) Depression is most commonly treatable with counseling, but what happens when counseling fail? Although our current mental health system is not perfect it has been able to bring us where we are today. The current methods have benefited many individuals when going through crisis then stabilizing individuals to the point that they can function in society. So what happens when the benefits are not reaped? These individuals could go through psychotic change. Thomas Hudson stated (1978), the mind has a dual character, which he described as the subjective mind and the objective mind. The objective mind takes cognizance of the objective world. Its media of observation are the five senses. It is the out growth of mans physical necessities. It is his guide in his struggles with his material environment. Its highest function is that of reasoning. The subjective mind takes cognizance of its environment by means independent of the physical senses. It perceive by intuition. It is the seat of the emotion and the storehouse of memory. It performs its highest function when the objective sense are in abeyance.(p. 1) Its when the subjective mind usurps complete control, the individual goes psychotic.(p.2) When these individuals enter the psychotic state, studies have shown there can be some risk factor for criminal behavior, but none with solid evidence. Most individuals with depression are said to have violent behavior and violent hostilities, but none proven to show any criminal tendencies. A new study according to Jiri Modestin and colleagues ,(1997), studied 261 male patients who had been hospitalized at least once at a psychiatric facility, found no link between depression and crimes. He stated, depression is strongly linked to increased hostility and to anger attacks, inappropriate angry outburst associated with sweating, flushing, abnormal heart rhythms and out of control feeling. (p.6) The results of Modestin study doesnt reveal any criminal factors, just an individual needing help. Because the depression has already eroded the persons ability to perceive reality, this combination of conditions can increase the risk of violence. Some individuals under these condition felt threatened first before attacks or uncontrolled anger outburst. They did not perceive themselves to be more threatening or hostile to others, no more so, than any other affective disorder individual. Usually these individuals are more hostile or violent to the people or persons close to them. .u5f6e507a83671d11e8aad4436fbf39ea , .u5f6e507a83671d11e8aad4436fbf39ea .postImageUrl , .u5f6e507a83671d11e8aad4436fbf39ea .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5f6e507a83671d11e8aad4436fbf39ea , .u5f6e507a83671d11e8aad4436fbf39ea:hover , .u5f6e507a83671d11e8aad4436fbf39ea:visited , .u5f6e507a83671d11e8aad4436fbf39ea:active { border:0!important; } .u5f6e507a83671d11e8aad4436fbf39ea .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5f6e507a83671d11e8aad4436fbf39ea { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5f6e507a83671d11e8aad4436fbf39ea:active , .u5f6e507a83671d11e8aad4436fbf39ea:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5f6e507a83671d11e8aad4436fbf39ea .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5f6e507a83671d11e8aad4436fbf39ea .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5f6e507a83671d11e8aad4436fbf39ea .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5f6e507a83671d11e8aad4436fbf39ea .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5f6e507a83671d11e8aad4436fbf39ea:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5f6e507a83671d11e8aad4436fbf39ea .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5f6e507a83671d11e8aad4436fbf39ea .u5f6e507a83671d11e8aad4436fbf39ea-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5f6e507a83671d11e8aad4436fbf39ea:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Graphic Novels: Maus, Persepolis, Fun Home, and Barefoot Gen Essay According to K. Taridiff, (1984), people with severe depression are often dependent on family for care. Within the family, the person most involved in the depressed persons care usually the mother is most at risk, with violent person usually being a son or spouse. One study of patients admitted to psychiatric hospitals found that, among those who had attacked people during the time close to their admission, 65 percent of the sample had attacked a family member. (p.37) Still, there has not been any solid data .

Reviewing The Movie Spiderman English Literature Essay Essay Example

Reviewing The Movie Spiderman English Literature Essay Paper In the film Spiderman 2 ( 2004 ) , Peter Parker, aka Spiderman, gets in to a conversation with Dr. Otto Octavious, the scientist, who subsequently morphs into the ace scoundrel Doc Ock. Dr. Octavious Tells Peter about his fiancee, a literature pupil, when they met in college and how she attempted to larn scientific discipline for his interest and how he tried to larn literature for hers. She was more successful and he less, as he explains to Peter, She was analyzing T.S. Eliot, and, compared to science, Eliot is really complicated ( Murphy ) . A similar perplexity ( or bias, for that affair ) dovetails literary scholarship on Eliot, more specifically in relation to The Waste Land. This paper is non an effort to do things easier or to find a synoptically consistent logic behind The Waste Land. Such an effort would be partly successful, but the chief accent of this paper is to find and reason for some markers or critical attacks that dissect the structural anatomy of the verse form. We will write a custom essay sample on Reviewing The Movie Spiderman English Literature Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Reviewing The Movie Spiderman English Literature Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Reviewing The Movie Spiderman English Literature Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The main motivation for such an effort is to detect critical attacks that can be applied to the whole verse form to earn different readings of the verse form. Eliot s attempts in the verse form have laid much of the accent on the act of reading, and instead than the complexnesss of the verse form that conjure to ebb reader involvement ( as immediate reappraisals of the verse form suggested ) , I argue that the verse form, in its disconnected ego, is able to take the reader deeper into the poetic experience. The first attack is instead theoretical, based chiefly on the thought of historical sense that Eliot emphasised in his essay Tradition and the Individual Talent. The 2nd attack is chiefly structural, based on the thought of deducing intending between the experiences of authorship and reading. Outlaying these attacks, it is deserving adverting that there have been legion cases in the research where these attacks have overlapped, with positive consequences that have eased the analys is. The Waste Land, in my foremost statement, is a catalytic entity. This simple derivation, of class, draws from Eliot s modern-day times and the societal aura after the Great War. But other than that, in composing the lines of the verse form, Eliot has stressed upon the cyclic nature of historical events that an single must see in her/ his life-time. The grounds for such a claim may be drawn from the verse form. First, allow us see the abstract nature of the verse form ; 2nd, the broken fragments and 3rd, the equivocal and frequently altering points of narrative. All, in their blazing manner defy a additive comprehension of the verse form. This would propose that the procedure of composing involved an impersonal idea procedure that stressed more on the thoughts of abstract feelings instead than a personal purpose of look. The response to such a method of composing would non be what is the poet stating? but what is the verse form stating? . More significance can be derived from repl ying the later inquiry than seeking to bracket the verse form within conventional grounds of composing poesy. Hence, it becomes clear that the procedure of creative activity, on Eliot s portion, is purely catalytic, non pulling merely on modern-day history, but pulling from a tradition of historic rhythms that have enriched the modern-day mind. These conform closely to Eliot s claims in theory in the essay Tradition and the Individual Talent. The same statement can be farther elaborated if we consider these lines from The Waste Land: Jerusalem Athens Alexandria Vienna London Unreal ( 374- 376, From What the Thunder Said ) . The symbols of fallen civilizations and falling civilizations come together in the infinite of two lines to show Eliot s feelings in the third- Unreal . It is a procedure of distilling history and clip within the infinite of a individual mention to convey a remarkable feeling amongst a montage of looks. The thought is to emphasize on the narrowness of the separation of tradition ( in my statement history ) and the adult male who suffers or the life poet with a to the full rounded personality ( Eliot ) . The vault of intending that lines similar to the above quoted lines in The Waste Land carry are because of the adept narrowness of this separation from tradition ( history ) that Eliot strives to accomplish. Any creative activity of poesy, as he stresses, is an add-on to the tradition in a dynamic relationship, and hence, the same tradition ( and history ) act as the bare castanetss of The Waste Land. For the comprehension of significance, this posit of structural anatomy of th e verse form, as I argue, is the primary stepping rock. From this theoretical base point, it is now possible to manage the structural statements refering The Waste Land in a directional position. In the old statement, the keywords to the statement were tradition and history. In turn uping The Waste Land in the modernist environment a similar historical position is ineluctable, but this statement largely concerns itself with sociological forms. In analyzing the disconnected construction of the verse form, the general concern is necessarily the broken or endangered topic of European civilization exposed to devastation after the First World War, and it should be so. From this same platform, if this analysis were to delve farther in to each fragment of event in the verse form and non needfully the five defined parts of the verse form, the job of narrative would halt at one point: socio- psychological atomization of the single topic. This statement is debatable for the simple ground that by turn uping the said atomization in the individual top ic , it brings into inquiry the auctorial voice of all the 434 lines every bit good as the remarkable voices of narrating characters inside the assorted fragments of the verse form ( and non merely the demarcated five parts, henceforward intending the same ) . The solution would be to get down with a broader spectrum and contract down to the two sets of individual topic . To state that structurally the verse form is determined by a common socio- psychological atomization is to get down with the modern sociological theory of atomization that states three phenomena of atomization ( Keunen ) . First, a division of the societal field in assorted subsystems, besides called functional distinction , 2nd ; the increasing tensenesss with moral discourse straight related to functional distinction, and 3rd ; the atomization of the subjective ( self- ) perceptual experience. In instance of Eliot, as we have seen in the first statement, the principal concern is with history and tradition, and therefore I infer a concern with civilization, the medium of historical heritage. Powered with this background, the statement is simple: in the commoditised modernist minute, money flowed easier than civilization and for Eliot and his conservative historicity, it was a baleful minute. Relatively, it was besides a pandemonium of feelings and interactions that could easy take to the atomization of experience. This is non to propose that The Waste Land is wholly a reactionist poetic creative activity, instead it is to propose ( as Keunen points out in relation to the modernist novel ) that for Eliot such an experience evaluated to cultural pessimism and utmost conservative reaction hovering between utopia and desperation ( Keunen ) . The consequence is the metempsychosis and Resurrection of decay in the verse form, from anticipating a cadaver to shoot ( line 71- 72, from The Burial of the Dead ) to the rat s back street where the dead work forces lost their castanetss ( lines 115- 116, from A Game of Chess ) . The statement, hence, tries to get at a valid decision to explicate the disconnected nature of the verse form and postulates that the fragments be analysed as fragments and non as a complete whole. As for the single topics of the fragments of the verse form, Eliot s concern is subjected to the places of narrative within the construction of the verse form. The general concern of the larger cultural and societal pandemonium is sublimated in the signifiers of subjective memory that is someway unqualified to come to footings with the functional distinction. In the construction of the verse form, this is expressed in the word picture of gender ( lines 222- 256, from The Fire Sermon ) , neurasthenia ( lines 111- 134, from A Game of Chess ) , nostalgia ( lines 8- 18, from The Burial of the Dead ) and the socially apparent quandary of category ( lines 77- 107 and lines 139- 172, from A Game of Chess ) . In all four cases ( and many more ) the finding factor that promises significance is the map and usage of memory. Each in their subjective manner tells a different narrative, but each is derived from the modern experience. This is an experience that does non assure significance as a inc orporate whole, but when dealt with abstractly, has a significance of its ain, in its ain right and context. The map of memory is to warrant its presence in the verse form as a whole, or such experiences would be lost in the pandemonium of societal atomization. Structurally, hence, the map of the socio- psychological atomization serves the intent of Eliot s purpose. He provides a poetic merchandise of his times but non confined to the contexts of his clip entirely, he draws from a history yesteryear and modern-day but avoids major conformations of historical philistinism. The disposed decision for this statement can be derived from one of Eliot s ain theories sing the societal map of poesy, one that deals with the map of history from a ulterior work, The Social Function of Poetry ( 1945 ) . There, he expounds the thought that the poet s existent protagonism of or assail on a peculiar societal attitude can non represent poesy s societal map for the obvious and simple ground that the poesy remains to be of some value to humanity long after the specific societal causes that may hold inspired it-if, for that affair, there go on to hold been any-have rather literally go lost to history. ( T. Eliot ) The nature scholarship related to The Waste Land since 1922 have served to ease the procedure ( or perplex farther! ) of geting at a consensus of significance. The cardinal job has been the break in the flow of information defying absolute additive outline, in the words of a critic, the modernist work stymies the readerly impulse to clean up up loose terminals ( McDonald ) . I argue that for The Waste Land there are no loose terminals. The old statements refering atomization and pulling on a tradition of history and literature by virtuousness of intertextuality at least turn out that each fragment has a presence of its ain in the verse form. A point in concern in the thesis of this paper has been the imbrication of the analysis of the two cardinal statements for positive consequences. The convergence is best described in these undermentioned footings: a few fragments could be added before the first published version of the verse form ( 1922 ) , or in the center of the verse form or at the terminal or at any other point in the verse form without restricting the construction of the verse form, or the tradition cradling the verse form or the derivational significances of the verse form. This is a debatable statement to do because it brings into inquiry the really nature and being of a work of art. The statement can be sustained, nevertheless by borrowing an component of analysis straight out of Saussure s theory of the duality of linguistic communication in such a manner that both the nature and being of the verse form can be sustained in the visible radiation of the present statement. Saussure described linguistic communication based on a syntagmatic relationship ( Ferdinand de Saussure ( Trans. W.Baskin ) ) , where each mark contributes something to the significance as a whole and each contrasting with all other marks in the linguistic communication. To this syntagmatic relationship, marks could be added to accommodate convenience. Over and above this relationship, there is present the paradigmatic relationship ( Ferdinand de Saussure ( Trans. W.Baskin ) ) , where sub- sets of marks could be substituted in topographic point of the outstanding marks of the syntag matic construction. In The Waste Land, it has already been established that single fragments exist in the freedom of their ain significance, lending to the larger sequence of significance, but there is no additive synoptic significance as a whole or one unit of significance. Hence, borrowing from Saussure s theory, it is possible to reason that fragments could be added to the original verse form ( 1922 ) without restricting the construction of the verse form or the tradition behind it. The same can barely be said of canceling any fragment from the verse form for the obvious ground that each published fragment ( and non the demarcated five ) serves some intent in the single significance and the complete sequence of significance. Editorial intercession, most famously that of Ezra Pound s has already curtailed the original composing and for the interest of the published one, the lesser said the better. For his ain poetical record, the thought of historical sense that he propagated in the essay Tradition and the Individual Talent is self apparent in the verse form. Every complete piece of good literature would be an add-on to the extremum of tradition ( T. S. Eliot ) . What this essay proves is that alternatively of trying intending derivation in the additive manner, which is non ever possible for The Waste Land, it is however a meaningful experience of reading in the disconnected whole of the verse form. The critical attacks, specifically the thought of tradition and an penetration into the structural anatomy of the verse form serve the intent giving way to nearing the verse form with certain tools in the act of reading. The key to this method of analysis has been the importance of readerly consciousness that Eliot has stressed in his legion other critical plants and what Eliot demands of it. In his composing of The Waste Land Eliot digs up the buried castanetss of the dead work forces and finds more, does more. It is for the critic to delve up those castanetss, a procedure of delving that might perchance neer terminal. The excavation, at least, serves as a pace stick for understanding and deducing intending out of The Waste Land.

Worst Roommate Ever How to Get Along and Co-Exist

Worst Roommate Ever How to Get Along and Co-Exist Many times, you dont get to choose your roommate if you live in a dorm. While its possible to change rooms or request a new roommate, the process is difficult and can only be used if theres a serious problem. So before you track down the RA and stir up a world of drama, try some of these tips to get along. Clear The Air The first step to getting along with your roommate is to clear the air and get all the past drama out of the way. This is best accomplished if you take the first step and begin with a peace offering. Whether its picking up their favorite take-away dinner or just sharing a bottle of wine, approach the discussion with an open mind and a smile on your face. Be prepared to take responsibility for anything youve done to make the problem worse – this isnt an argument to be won, its a way to simply clear the air and start fresh. You Dont Have to Be BFFs Theres always a vague notion that your college roommate will become your new Best Friend. The two of you will embark on this journey of personal, spiritual and intellectual growth, a bond will form and youll be developing a friendship that nurtures you for the rest of your life. While TV movies and sitcoms paint the picture, the reality is that most students go through at least one year of living with someone they simply cannot stand. Accept that you dont have to like each other – you just have to live together. Set Clear Boundaries Once youve cleared the air and accepted that the two of you dont need to become besties, you can lay down some clear boundaries. You cant stand it when your roommate lets their dirty laundry pile up so high the place smells like a giant armpit and your epic World of Warcraft sessions drive them up the wall. So your roommate agrees to do laundry more often or get a hamper with an airtight lid and youll need to start using earphones and not shouting at the screen when you play. Be willing to compromise and be willing to get everything out in the open now. Dont nitpick or try to force your roommate into conforming to everything you want without being willing to make some changes yourself. The goal is to find a compromise – a way for the two of you to share the same space, nothing more. Discuss the problems youve had as well as potential problems. Set up clear and definitive rules for drinking or smoking in the room having overnight guests noise levels for music, TV, video games, etc keeping the room clean If the thought of discussing any of this makes you uncomfortable, just imagine how uncomfortable youll be when your roommate decides to play Rock Band at 3am. Get Moving One of the simplest ways to deal with not wanting to be around your roommate is, of course, to just not be home when they are. If possible, stagger your classes for the afternoon if theirs are in the morning. Work odd shifts, hang out with friends more often or just get out and have fun on campus. If youre not naturally an active our outgoing person this may be difficult at first but spending less time in your room and more time outside will probably make your college experience better all around. Consider it a Life Lesson Getting along with people is something youll have to do for the rest of your life. While its unlikely that youll have to live with someone you dont like once youre out of college, learning how to deal with a difficult person without constant conflict is a skill that will serve you well for years to come. Its also important to know when to cut your losses. If the problem you have with a roommate involves them bullying, harassing or otherwise directly interfering with your life then its time to move from diplomacy to decisive action. Never attempt to act on the issue yourself. Immediately enlist the help of your RA or other dorm administrator to handle it. Typically problems with a roommate dont escalate to that point and learning how to handle difficult people can be an invaluable skill in the future. Learning to deal with a difficult roommate in college can easily hone diplomatic skills that will allow you to withstand even the most irksome work colleague in the future. Dealing successfully with a difficult roommate is a lot like dealing with difficult family members – you dont get to choose them but you do have to put up with them. Luckily for you, the time youll spend with a roommate will come to an end eventually but those bothersome family members will still turn up for Thanksgiving at Aunt Doras. How have you solved roommate problems in the past? Share your advice!

How To Write a Business and Personal Letter in Spanish

How To Write a Business and Personal Letter in Spanish Whether youre writing a letter to a Spanish-speaking friend or preparing a formal business letter, the greetings and salutations in this lesson can help give your letters credibility. Greetings to Use in Writing a Letter In English, it is common to begin both personal letters and business correspondence with Dear ___. In Spanish, however, there is more variation depending on how formal you want to be. In personal correspondence, the equivalent of dear is querido or querida (the past participle of querer), depending on the sex of the person. Querido is used for a male recipient, querida for a female; plural forms queridos and queridas can also be used. In Spanish, it is the rule to follow the greeting with a colon rather than the comma used in English. Use of a comma is seen as an Anglicism. Querido Roberto: (Dear Roberto,)Querida Ana: (Dear Ana,)Queridos Juan y Lisa: (Dear Juan and Lisa,) Note that in Spanish the masculine form, queridos, is used if the recipients include people of both sexes. However, querido is too casual for business correspondence, especially when you arent a friend of the recipient. Use estimado or estimada instead. The word literally means esteemed, but it is understood the same way as dear would be in English: Estimado Sr. Rodrà ­guez: (Dear Mr. Rodrà ­guez,)Estimada Sra. Cruz: (Dear Mrs./Ms. Cruz,)Estimada Srta. Gonzlez: (Dear Miss Gonzlez,) Spanish doesnt have a true equivalent of the English courtesy title Ms. (and in Spanish, the distinction between seà ±ora and seà ±orita, traditionally translated as Mrs. and Miss, respectively, can be one of age rather than marital status). It normally is fine to use the courtesy title of Sra. (the abbreviation for seà ±ora) if you dont know whether a female recipient of the letter is married. Good advice is to  use Sra. unless you know the woman prefers Srta. If you dont know the name of the person youre writing to, you can use the following formats: Muy seà ±or mà ­o: (Dear sir,)Estimado seà ±or: (Dear sir,)Muy seà ±ora mà ­a: (Dear madam,)Estimada seà ±ora: (Dear madam,)Muy seà ±ores mà ­os: (Dear sirs, dear sirs/madams,)Estimados seà ±ores: (Dear sirs, dear sirs/madams,) The Spanish equivalent of to whom it may concern is a quien corresponda (literally, to the one responsible). Closings to Use in Writing a Letter In English, it is common to end a letter with Sincerely. Again, Spanish offers a greater variety. Although the following closings for personal letters may sound overly affectionate to English speakers, they are quite commonly used: Un abrazo (literally, a hug)Un fuerte abrazo (literally, a strong hug)Carià ±osos saludos (roughly, kind regards)Afectuosamente (affectionately) The following are common with close friends or family members, although there are many others that can be used: Besos y abrazos (literally, kisses and hugs)Besos (literally, kisses)Con todo mi carià ±o (with all my caring)Con todo mi afecto (with all my affection) In business correspondence, the most common ending, used in much the same way as sincerely in English, is atentamente. That can also be expanded to le saluda atentamente or les saluda atentamente, depending on whether youre writing to one or more persons, respectively. A more casual ending that can be used in business letters is Cordialmente. Longer salutations include saludos cordiales and se despide cordialmente. Although this language may sound flowery to English speakers, it is not unusual in Spanish. If you are expecting a response from a business correspondent, you can close with esperando su respuesta. As is common in English, the salutation is typically followed by a comma. If youre adding a postscript (posdata in Spanish), you can use P.D. as the equivalent of P.S. Sample Personal Letter Querida Angelina: ¡Mil gracias por el regalo! Es totalmente perfecto.  ¡Fue una gran sorpresa!Eres una buena amiga. Espero que nos veamos pronto.Muchos abrazos,Julia Translation: Dear Angelina,Thanks a lot for the gift! Its totally perfect. It was quite a surprise!Youre a great friend. I hope we see each other soon.Lots of hugs,Julia Sample Business Letter Estimado Sr. Fernndez:Gracias por la propuesta que usted y sus colegas me presentaron. Creo que es posible que los productos de su compaà ±Ãƒ ­a sean à ºtiles para minimizar nuestros costos de produccià ³n. Vamos a estudiar la propuesta meticulosamente.Espero poder darle una respuesta en un plazo de dos semanas.Atentamente,Catarina Là ³pez Translation Dear Mr. Fernndez,Thank you for the proposal that you and your colleagues presented to me. I believe it is possible that your companys products could be useful for reducing our production costs. We are going to study the proposal thoroughly.I hope I can give you a response within two weeks.Sincerely,Catarina Là ³pez

Classification of Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Classification of Behavior - Essay Example In general the content of nightmares revolves around imminent harm being caused to the individual (e.g., being chased, threatened, injured, etc.) Repetitive dreams indicate that you are continuing to miss the point about the meaning of the dream. Psychological treatment involves changing thoughts and behaviors. In recent years, Barry Krakow and his colleagues (2001) at the University of New Mexico have conducted numerous studies regarding a promising psychological treatment for nightmares. Another group of researchers (Forbes, Phelps, & McHugh, 2001) applied the treatment to Vietnam combat veterans and found similarly promising results in a small pilot study. It is classified as a cognitive-behavioral treatment. It does not involve the use of medications. In brief, the treatment involves helping the clients change the endings of their nightmares, while they are awake, so that the ending is no longer upsetting. The client is then instructed to rehearse the new, non-threatening images associated with the changed dream. There are different ways of dealing with nightmares when they are occurring. If the person can calm themselves down enough, they can become conscious of the fact that they are dreaming, which is an important aspect. As per systems approach groups and individuals, are considered as systems in home

Fords Control Mechanisms Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Fords Control Mechanisms - Essay Example About one hundred years ago, demand could be easily matched to supply particularly in the rural agricultural areas, and the existence of production and consumption was in a closed loop supply chain, therefore, goods were predominantly manufactured and used as required. The just-in-time approach to manufacturing adopted by Ford presents a return to this form of relationship between the production and consumption phase that was present before the industrial revolution where consumers gave specifications of what they wanted before the process of production could begin. Henry Ford, who came up with the assembly line JIT approach used in the manufacture of Ford cars, had an awareness of this form of a rural tradeoff as he hailed from a small community whose main activities involved agriculture. The beginning of the economic business philosophy adopted by Ford and the main aim for JIT manufacturing was mainly informed by the recognition that increasing the wages of factory employees leads to increased rates of productivity. Initially, Ford was simply assembling the cars and not manufacturing them, as the parts were produced by external shops, however, they were not made to be highly tolerant necessitating that the company shapes and fits them before they could come together appropriately. The company lacked control in terms of the quality of parts in the supply stream as well as the incoming flow of materials that came from external sources. There were no control mechanisms in place to arbitrate the inconsistencies in the manufacturing and assembly processes.

Citizens Advice Service Essay Example for Free

Citizens Advice Service Essay Private sector means that the government does not control the ownership of a business; instead, members of the public control it. Different types of firms make up the private sector. These include sole traders, partnerships, limited companies and Public Limited Companies. Private-sectors firms are usually aiming to make a profit. Sole Trader A sole trader firm is the smallest firm from the category of private sector firms, consisting of only one owner and that owner does business in their own name. That owner has the control of the firm, and with this control, they must finance, organise and develop the firm. A typical example of a sole trader is the local corner shop, selling the essential grocery items. Advantages One main advantage is that these firms require little capital. Another advantage is that there is an incentive to work hard. This is because the firm is owned by one person, meaning that the owner must do most of the work themselves, including promote and finance the business. Therefore, if the owner wants their firm to succeed, they must work hard. If there is only one owner and possibly couple of staff in the firm, there will be regular customers known. With this relationship, customers will return repeatedly to the firm, therefore producing more sales. As there is only one owner, business decisions can be made quickly as there will not be other people interfering. Business decisions are vital for the firm to proceed, so the quicker a decision can be made, the quicker the outcome. This advantages the owner as the outcome can benefit their company. Disadvantages One disadvantage is it can be difficult to raise and find capital meaning that it is hard to start the business and to expand. Another disadvantage is that the sole trader has unlimited liability for all debts and the owner may have to sell personal possessions to meets the debts of their business. Illness is a disadvantage to a sole trader. If the owner is sick, the business may be closed for a time and money is not made to pay expenses that the owner has. Another disadvantage is the long hours may be necessary for the business to succeed. If the owner is not willing and determined to work long hours, the business will not succeed and this may produce debts. With sole traders, the success of the business relies on the skills of the owner. If the owner has no experience of running a business or business skills, this may cause the business to fail. Partnership A partnership firm is one with 2-20 owners and these owners share the responsibly of running the firm together as the control is divided up equally between the partners. An example of a business of the partnership type is a firm of doctors. Advantages As there are a number of people, more capital can be raised as all the partners contribute to the business. Each partner has their own skills and between them, the partners have more skills, ideas and knowledge than a single person does. Partners with different skills can specialise in their own areas and this increases the ranges of service that customers are offered. In a partnership, any problems Passive Voice (consider revising). Another advantage is regular customers will be known and these customers will return repeatedly to the firm, therefore producing more sales that advantage the firm. Disadvantages With partnerships, the partners have unlimited liability for all the debts. This could lead to the partners selling their personal possessions to help pay off the company’s debts. A main disadvantage is when a partner makes a mistake, that mistake affects all the partners and the firm. This is a disadvantage because a mistake can affect the running and the flow of the firm. The profits of the business must be shared. This can be a disadvantage because the partners may think that a person in the partnership should not get the same amount of money because it seems that they have not put as much work into the firm. This then creates conflict and affects the way the firm runs. Private Limited Company (Ltd) A private limited company has one or more owners, with the directors of the company elected by the shareholders. These directors control and have the responsibly of running the firm. An example of a private limited company could be a garage. Advantages There is limited liability as shareholders can lose only the amount they have invested into the firm, no matter how much money that firm owes. Shareholders contribute capital and there is no fixed amount. This is an advantage because as more shareholders invest money, whatever the amount, the more chance the firm is going to success and grow with the money. Private limited companies are protected from takeovers. This is because shares cannot be exchanged to other people unless all the shareholders agree. In addition, the members of the public cannot bring the shares. This is an advantage as this gives the owners of the firm direct control of the business.

Growing World of Sony Essay -- essays research papers

It’s not news that Sony is a global company or that (25%) of all Play Station profits’ for the past seven years came from Sony to Japan. After all that’s what international marketing and the global economy are all about, companies like Sega, Nintendo, Microsoft, X-Box doing business around the world. The global economy now reaches every corner of the United States. Current interest in international marketing can be explained by changing competitive structures coupled with shifts in demand characteristics in markets throughout the world. With the increasing globalization of markets, companies find they are unavoidably enmeshed with foreign customers, competitors and suppliers. A significant portion of all products made in the United States is foreign made. Japan’s economy is based on a strong work ethic and being a leader of technology, in which has helped Japan advance to the second most powerful economy in the world. One notable characteristic of the economy is the working together of manufacturers, suppliers, and distributors in closely-knit groups called keiretsu. The keiretsu, which means â€Å"order† or â€Å"system,† is a unique form of business that links companies together in industrial groups that provide Japanese business with a substantial competitive edge over non-keiretsu organizations. Keiretsus are collections of dozens of major companies spanning several industries and held together by cross-shareholding, old-boy networks, interlocking directorates, long-term business relationships, and social and historical links. There are six major Japanese industrial keiretsu groups and eleven lesser ones. Together, the sales in these groups are responsible for about 25 percent of the activities of all Japan, a nd keiretsus account for 78 percent of the value of all shares on the Tokyo Stock Exchange. Japan’s industry, which is the most important sector of the economy, is heavily dependent on imported raw materials and fuels. For three decades overall real economic growth had been one of the highest, 10% in the 1960s, 5% in the 1970s, and a 4% average in the 1980s. Growth slowed markedly in 1992-95 largely because of the aftereffects of over investment during the late 1980s. Growth picked up to 3.9% in 1996, largely a reflection of low rates of inflation. But in 1997-98 Japan experienced a recession, centered about financial difficulties in the banking system ... ...the magic and popularity behind playstaion 2, besides the Sony name, was is it’s ability to play back DVD videodiscs, and support for all types of sound hardware, including Dolby Digital and DTS, which is, used for home theater systems. These added options plus it’s ability to play back the original playstation games made it appealing to every one regardless of age. For the Kids you had the hottest new system that could also play the original play station games even faster, for the parents you had a new DVD Player. Sony’s ability to market and tailor the playstation to a wide range of consumer young and old is what but it on top of the charts. Even with the introduction of Microsoft’s XBOX and Nintendo’s game Cube this October Sony is still topping the charts this Christmas season. Sony’s has proved it’s self in the gaming world and has its consumers behind them. The strategies that Sony uses is marketing it’s playstation is not complex, Sony just uses it’s assets to find out what the consumer wants and need and then gives it them. Sony produces high quality products tailored to the need of its consumers. A simple concept that has left Sony and Playstation on top of the charts.

Toyota

Company Objectives World domination with regard to car supply. Toyota seeks to achieve market leadership by delivering value to customers and providing high quality vehicles. Ill. Analysis Of Related Case Facts A. Porters Five Forces Analysis 1. Threat of New Entrants – Low New entrants can't enter the market easily as it requires huge capital investment, cutting-edge technology and the industry have already reached economics of scale. Brand loyalty among the buyers. They won't easily switched to new brand as purchasing a vehicle incurred high cost. 2.Bargaining Power of Supplier – Moderately Low Various types of suppliers in automobile industry such as cooling, electrical, fuel supply systems distributed across the globe. They own many interchangeable supplier and produced many components in the short time. Suppliers don't own the power to determine the price. 3. Bargaining Power of Buyer – High Can easily switch to other brands if they're cheaper and better spe cifications such as Hand's new Hybrid models which are more lucrative Toyota Pries. 4. Threat of Substitute – Moderately High There are a lot of substitutes in automobile industry.When the price or the specifications of the vehicle is lack of favor, the substitutes will emerge. Besides from vehicles, buyer can opt for other substitutes such as bicycle, bus, train or even walking to reach their destination with petrol price hiking. However, it depends greatly on the consumers geographical location. 5. Competitive Rivalry -? High Competition between existing players is high. There is not much differentiation between players and their products. Other automobile companies are moving aggressively with their strategy to own higher market share with Hybrid models.B. Soot Analysis Strengths Us period productivity and efficiency of Toyota Production System Toyota is the world's largest vehicle manufacturer by production and sales Global strong brand awareness Strong distribution and m arket efforts focused on high quality, sales and close involvement with customers It has initiated new technologies Weaknesses Recalls caused quite severe financial impact It is criticized as a foreign importer by Japanese local car producers In May 2009, they reported a record yearly net loss of $ 4. Billion In 2005 faced criticism because of a large scale recall and quality issues Opportunities Recovery of auto industries Positive growth trend in hybrid vehicle segment Growing demand from major emerging markets India and China Demand for fuel efficient, compact vehicles In 2009 Bank of India decreased the interests on automotive bank loans Product innovation The retreats Competition in the global automotive market Uncertainty in global economic condition Weakening demand, increasing cost Tightening emission standards C.PEST Analysis Political Factors Laws and regulations mandated by the government/state/local assembles may put in measures to ensure that safe and ethical practices are being allowed to promote fairness within the company. On the other hand, these laws, especially those foreign to Japanese customs create policies that imposes more profit loss for TM because it is a foreign car company. Economic and Social Factors The first that may impact Tm's profit is that the social status of the world economy as a whole.If the world market is suffering due to a world-wide recession. Customers may be forced to buy domestic cars due to their lower cost, rather than buying foreign cars. However, if consumers are earning a higher income, this may prove beneficial to Toyota thereby increasing many profit and accountability. Stability of the upcoming market is highly projected. Technological Factors Technological advancements may also be a factor in determining Tm's overall production. The world relies heavily on technology to plan out the details and executions of company plans and goals.It would be wise for TM to continue its research developments to improve th e company's value and reputation. IV. Relevant Strategic Management Lean Production System Lean Production System is the system designed and evolved in Toyota. It is modified form of Henry Ford's Mass Production System. In some areas its philosophy seem exactly opposite to the fundamental principles of Mass Production System. Mass Production System Mass production is a method of producing goods in large quantities at low cost per unit. This system of production is also known as Push System or Just- in-Case System .With precision equipment, large numbers of identical parts could be produced at low cost and with a small work force. Diversification At the time of establishment of Toyota Motor Company was in the business of making handloom. This can be seen as a Conglomerate Diversification as Toyota expanded its scope from Handloom Industry to Automobile Industry. Joint Venture ANNUM was established at the site Of a former GM Fremont Assembly site that had been closed two years earlier in 1982. GM and Toyota reopened the factory as a joint venture in 1 984 to manufacture vehicles to be sold under both brands.A joint venture was viewed as an approach that would lower the risk while providing help in overcoming difficult potential problems. Market Segmentation Toast's most significant business segment is its automotive operations. Toyota carries out its automotive operations as a global competitor in the relied automotive market. Toast's uses both differentiation and low cost as generic strategies to try and gain a competitive advantage over their competitors in the automotive industry. The market scope that Toyota uses is a broad one that encompasses nearly every type of customer that is in the market to purchase an automobile.Toyota is able to target such a large market because they have something for everyone. V. Alternative Courses and Action Toyota Motors Corporation, one of the largest automakers in the world. Due to growing number of recalls that it faced, s ales plummeted thereby effecting the company's position in the global automotive industry. The company recalled million of vehicles in 2009 that does not only hurt the company financially but significantly damaged the company's brand. Toyota must ensure that the cars produced are faultless and of good quality.Toyota must focus on differentiating the company by concentrating on the atmosphere and design of the vehicles . It must enhance customers service as full-service provider. Excellent customer service should be observed since it would be able to make the company boost their reputation and consistency in terms of customer satisfaction. There should be a unique offering of amenities and facilities which would give them a stand out compared to other competitors, something like a trademark item or facility in which it couldn't be copied or duplicated.Toyota has a reputation of manufacturing CEO friendly cars like the Pries based upon advanced technology developed by the organization . Toyota has also sold on its technology to other motor manufacturers. There is a big demand for CEO friendly and fuel efficient cars. Since Toyota already has a first mover advantage in making hybrid CEO friendly cars, it should capitalize n this opportunity and invest more on hybrid R and produce more environment friendly cars. VI. Analysis of Alternatives (Advantages and Disadvantages) VII.Conclusion Toyota has sources of strong competitive advantages in global automotive industry such as value chain, strong brand, wide product offering and hybrid vehicles. Major recalls, economic crisis and intense global competition have posed serious challenge for Toyota. Growing emerging markets and shifting customer demands offer Opportunities for Toyota to attain superior profitability and growth. Toyota must sustain its competitive advantages to attain its position and achieve future success. VIII. Recommendations Toyota motors are famous for their just in time manufacturing.The organizati on is doing well in this regard and competes with the world's top car manufacturing firms . However the quality of the car as compare to other car manufacturing companies is not satisfactory. They should focus on the quality and designs of the car. As compare to Honda, the intense competitor of Toyota in Asia and some other regions, they have elegant designs and quality cars. Apart from that the company should also focus on fuel efficient and hybrid cars to increase its production and to make people aware of these cars.T MAC needs to become more diverse, to allow the integration Of leadership in all sectors of leaderships to create a uniform leadership team. The way the system is set up is not going too well for the company's goal of being the number one manufacturer in the world. Also, Toyota needs to reanalyze its Research and Developmental Centers. It is through these centers that technologies are observed and tested to bring about the best possible and safe product for the consu mer to use. There needs to be a construction of the company as a whole. Toyota Company Objectives World domination with regard to car supply. Toyota seeks to achieve market leadership by delivering value to customers and providing high quality vehicles. Ill. Analysis Of Related Case Facts A. Porters Five Forces Analysis 1. Threat of New Entrants – Low New entrants can't enter the market easily as it requires huge capital investment, cutting-edge technology and the industry have already reached economics of scale. Brand loyalty among the buyers. They won't easily witched to new brand as purchasing a vehicle incurred high cost. 2.Bargaining Power of Supplier – Moderately Low Various types of suppliers in automobile industry such as cooling, electrical, fuel supply systems distributed across the globe. They own many interchangeable supplier and produced many components in the short time. Suppliers don't own the power to determine the price. 3. Bargaining Power of Buyer – High Can easily switch to other brands if they're cheaper and better spec ifications such as Hand's new Hybrid models which are more lucrative Toyota Pries. 4. Threat of Substitute – Moderately High There are a lot of substitutes in automobile industry.When the price or the specifications of the vehicle is lack of favor, the substitutes will emerge. Besides from vehicles, buyer can opt for other substitutes such as bicycle, bus, train or even walking to reach their destination with petrol price hiking. However, it depends greatly on the consumers geographical location. 5. Competitive Rivalry -? High Competition between existing players is high. There is not much differentiation between players and their products. Other automobile impasse are moving aggressively with their strategy to own higher market share with Hybrid models.B. Soot Analysis Strengths Superior productivity and efficiency of Toyota Production System Toyota is the world's largest vehicle manufacturer by production and sales Global strong brand awareness Strong distribution and marke t efforts focused on high quality, sales and close involvement with customers It has initiated new technologies Weaknesses Recalls caused quite severe financial impact It is criticized as a foreign importer by Japanese local car producers In May 009, they reported a record yearly net loss of $ 4. Billion In 2005 faced criticism because of a large scale recall and quality issues Opportunities Recovery of auto industries Positive growth trend in hybrid vehicle segment Growing demand from major emerging markets India and China Demand for fuel efficient, compact vehicles In 2009 Bank Of India decreased the interests on automotive bank loans Product innovation Threats Competition in the global automotive market Uncertainty in global economic condition Weakening demand, increasing cost Tightening emission standards C. PEST Analysis Political FactorsLaws and regulations mandated by the government/state/local assembles may put in measures to ensure that safe and ethical practices are being followed to promote fairness within the company. On the other hand, these laws, especially those foreign to Japanese customs create policies that imposes more profit loss for TM because it is a foreign car company. Economic and Social Factors The first that may impact Tm's profit is that the social status of the world economy as a whole. If the world market is suffering due to a world-wide recession.Customers may be forced to buy domestic cars due to their lower cost, rather than buying foreign cars. However, if consumers are earning a higher income, this may prove beneficial to Toyota thereby increasing company profit and accountability. Stability of the upcoming market is highly projected. Technological Factors Technological advancements may also be a factor in determining Tm's overall production. The world relies heavily on technology to plan out the details and executions of company plans and goals. It would be wise for T MAC to continue its research developments to improve the company's value and reputation.IV. Relevant Strategic Management Lean Production System Lean Production System is the system designed and evolved in Toyota. It is modified form of Henry Ford's Mass Production System. In some areas its philosophy seem exactly opposite to the fundamental principles of Mass Production System. Mass Production System Mass production is a method of producing goods in large quantities at low cost per unit. This system of production is also known as Push System or Just- in-Case System . With precision equipment, large numbers of identical parts could be produced at low cost and with a small work force.Diversification At the time of establishment of Toyota Motor Company was in the business of making handloom. This can be seen as a Conglomerate Diversification as Toyota expanded its scope from Handloom Industry to Automobile Industry. Joint Venture ANNUM was established at the site of a former GM Fremont Assembly site that had been closed two years earlier in 1982. GM and Toyota reopened the factory as a joint venture in 1984 to manufacture vehicles to be sold under both brands. A joint venture was viewed as an approach that would lower the risk while providing help in overcoming difficult potential problems.Market Segmentation Toast's most significant business segment is its automotive operations. Toyota carries out its automotive operations as a global competitor in the worldwide automotive market. Toast's uses both differentiation and low cost as generic strategies to try and gain a competitive advantage over their competitors in the automotive industry'. The market scope that Toyota uses is a broad one that encompasses nearly every type of customer that is in the market to purchase an automobile. Toyota is able to target such a large market because they have something for everyone.V. Alternative Courses and Action Toyota Motors Corporation, one of the largest automakers in the world. Due to growing number of recalls that it faced, s ales plummeted thereby affecting the company's position in the global automotive industry. The company recalled million of vehicles in 2009 that does not only hurt the company financially but significantly damaged the company's brand. Toyota must ensure that the cars produced are faultless and of good quality. Toyota must focus on differentiating the company by concentrating on the atmosphere and design of the vehicles .It must enhance customers service s full-service provider. Excellent customer service should be observed since it would be able to make the company boost their reputation and consistency in terms of customer satisfaction. There should be a unique offering of amenities and facilities which would give them a stand out compared to other competitors, something like a trademark item or facility in which it couldn't be copied or duplicated. Toyota has a reputation of manufacturing CEO friendly cars like the Pries based upon advanced technology developed by the organization .Toyota has also sold on its technology to other motor manufacturers. There is a big demand for CEO friendly and fuel efficient cars. Since Toyota already has a first mover advantage in making hybrid CEO friendly cars, it should capitalize on this opportunity and invest more on hybrid R&D and produce more environment friendly cars. VI. Analysis of Alternatives (Advantages and Disadvantages) VI'. Conclusion Toyota has sources of strong competitive advantages in global automotive industry such as value chain, strong brand, wide product offering and hybrid vehicles.Major recalls, economic crisis and intense global competition have used serious challenge for Toyota. Growing emerging markets and shifting Customer demands offer opportunities for Toyota to attain superior profitability and growth. Toyota must sustain its competitive advantages to retain its position and achieve future success. VIII. Recommendations Toyota motors are famous for their just in time manufacturing. The organiza tion is doing well in this regard and competes with the world's top car manufacturing firms -However the quality of the car as compare to other car manufacturing companies is not satisfactory.They should focus on the quality ND designs of the car. As compare to Honda, the intense competitor of Toyota in Asia and some other regions, they have elegant designs and quality cars. Apart from that the company should also focus on fuel efficient and hybrid cars to increase its production and to make people aware of these cars. TM needs to become more diverse, to allow the integration of leadership in all sectors of leaderships to create a uniform leadership team. The way the system is set up is not going too well for the company's goal of being the number one manufacturer in the world. Toyota Toyota, one of the most renowned auto company started having a problem around in 1998 when it failed o store its new brand product Lexus’s data’s ineffectively. Though all it did not happen on purpose, but accidentally the Lexus Company could not fulfil the requirement and satisfaction of its customer in its early trail of database maintenance. Lexus the Toyotas high end luxury system had implemented a Corporate Customer information System in which there were some problems seen regarding the recording of customer information and override of wrong information of the customer data. Though the company had best tried to save that customer information in a appropriate manner but due to the system deficiency the company was having a massive data quality problem. This problem aroused because the company failed to maintain and implement a central database system where all he customer information would be stored in a central database, which when required would display the multi branches customer information. The company had 15 different databases stored in 15 different parts of the company, where the individual company would only access their local data stored by the local branch. In words of Management we can correlate this problem as lack of centralised authority to data control, storing, maintenance and update of recent transactions. The world of Information Technology as compared to the Management is quite controversial. Controversial in a sense that, in proper management Decentralization and Delegation of authority is required to achieve the best results in efficient management performances while as in terms of Information Technology, it requires the access, storage, support and maintenance of centralised database system in order to keep the up to date records of every activities performed everyday to track down the right solution to the problem. An efficient Information System demands the availability of information and resources however and whenever demanded at any point of request. The database Toyota Lexus ha designed was to store all its customer info which would help when the system was asked to provide the customer details of the owner for organizational purpose. The objective LEXUS had established to serve its customer via maintaining a customer dataset could not be fulfilled as the purpose of developing a database could no be fulfilled as it resulted to various problems in miscommunication of information all around. The ownership of the vehicles ad been transferred to the people who did not even had the ownership license, the cheques were paid to the person who were even not entitled to receive and the legitimate information were passed where there had been frequent problems of fake customer identity. The customer details failed to validate the right owners of the vehicles which as a result led to a problem of data loss. Because of the problem, Toyota would return the owners car fixed, washed filled with fuel. Cheques were made payable to the people whom it did not even belonged to. CASE EXAMPLES Example: 1 http://www. internetautoguide. om/auto-recalls/09-int/1998/lexus/gs400/index. html APR 17, 1998 | Recall ID# 50473 Hide Details |Recall Reason |SUSPENSION:AUTOMATIC STABILITY CONTROL (ASC) | |Recall Date |APR 17, 1998 | |Model Affected |GS400 | |Potential Units Affected |14855 | Recall Summary | |VEHICLE DESCRIPTION: PASSENGER VEHICLES. DUE TO A MANUFACTURING DEFECT OF THE YAW RATE SENSOR FOR THE VEHICLE STABILITY | |CONTROL (VSC), THE VSC CAN OPERATE IMPROPERLY IF THE SENSOR IS AFFECTED BY CERTAIN ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES, SUCH AS FROM A | |CELLULAR PHONE. | |Consequence | |SHOULD THIS OCCUR, THE BRAKE MAY OPERATE UNEXPECTEDLY, AFFECTING STEERING AND SPEED CONTROL, INCREASING THE RISK OF A | |VEHICLE CRASH. |Remedy | |DEALERS WILL REPLACE THE YAW RATE SENSOR. | |Notes | |TOYOTA MOTOR CO. , LTD. | Example 2: http://www. justanswer. com/questions/35ik7-i-have-a-1998-lexus-es300-i-have-had-problems-with-the-gas Question I have a 1 998 Lexus ES300, I Have had problems with the gas pedals sticking on three occasions but paid no attention to it until I read about this problem on new cars. Have there been other cases reported with this model? What should I do about it? Submitted: 11 days and 23 hours ago. Category:  Lexus Value:  ? 7 Status:  CLOSED + Read  More Optional Information Year: 1998 Make: Lexus Model: ES300 Already Tried: I have a 1998 Lexus ES300, I Have had problems with the gas pedals sticking on three occasions but paid no attention to it until I read about this problem on new cars. Have there been other cases reported with this model? What should I do about it? Accepted Answer Hi, Your particular vehicle uses a mechanical, cable connection from the gas pedal to the throttle body as opposed to the electrical servo type throttles involved in the numerous recall related problems. Because of that, there would be no directly correlation between the two vehicles. That being said, there are 3 typical causes for sticking throttle in your vehicle. Least likely, but easiest to check is the infamous â€Å"floor mat obstruction†. This is typically noticeable while driving if your floor mat is interfering with the cable, but worth checking regardless. Second, is a worn out throttle cable. This is the cable that connects the gas pedal to the throttle body. Vehicles in northern states that have more issues with rust/corrosion are more likely to see a problem here. The cable is a thin metal wire sheathed in a plastic coating. As the exposed area of metal wire corrodes from environmental elements, it widens the cable making it more difficult to travel inside the cable sheath, often sticking. You can check this condition by operating the throttle body by hand an monitoring the cable to see if there is any resistance going into the sheath or if it travels smoothly. Lastly, and most common, is buildup of carbon/oil elements in the throttle body. Because of the ventilation system required by law, the throttle body is exposed to oil vapor from inside the engine via breathing hoses in the intake. Over time this builds up into a layer of hardened, baked-on oil inside the throttle body, right where the throttle plate needs to move. Due to it being softer than the metal throttle plate, the throttle plate always wins when it gets stuck, but the oil buildup does create resistance that will intermittently stick the throttle in position. Having the throttle body cleaned to prevent this should be done every 15k miles on this car for full assurance, or 30k miles at minimum for normal operation. Typical cost for cleaning is 1/2 hour labor (normal â€Å"minimum charge† at many shops), about $45 depending on the shops labor rate. pic] |Expert:   |Doug Cleland | |Pos. Feedback:   |100. 0 % | |Accepts:   |12 | |Answered:   |2/16/2010 | ASE Certified Technician Toyota Factory training and worked for a heavily Lexus trafficked Toyota store Read more: http://www. justanswer. com/questions/35ik7-i-have-a-1998-lexus-es300-i-have-had-problems-with-the-gas#ixzz0grgbynyy Example 3: http://www. motortrend. com/used_cars/07/1998/lexus/recalls/index. html Featured 1998 Recalls [pic] | |1998 Lexus LX470 | |Before you purchase a used car, make sure you check our comprehensive auto recall information to see if there are any | |problems that have been reported by the NHTSA. You can get detailed information on how and where to fix the car defect. | |Recall:   EXTERIOR LIGHTING : HEADLIGHTS | | | | | | | | | | Read more: http://www. motortrend. com/used_cars/07/1998/lexus/recalls/index. html#ixzz0grjp1yvD Take a noteworthy case in 1998. Toyota Motor Sales USA (TMS) responded to a recurring service problem with its Lexus vehicles by contacting owners, then picking up their vehicles, taking them in for repairs and leaving loaner cars as replacements. When done, the owners' cars were returned—fixed, washed and tanked up. That level of service was made possible by TMS's Corporate Customer Information System, an application used by the company's call center in Iowa to help handle warranty, roadside assistance, prepaid maintenance and other service requests. But 1998 didn't go altogether smoothly. Relying on data in that system, TMS began to mail checks to Lexus owners to replace troublesome tires. The checks, for more than $400 each, in some cases went to people who didn't even own a Lexus. One errant check even found its way to a Toyota auditor, for a vehicle he hadn't owned for a while. â€Å"You can imagine the repercussions of that,† says John Gonzales, data quality manager at TMS. â€Å"We can't afford to be giving money away to people who shouldn't be getting it. † The glitch was symptomatic of a bigger problem. The system depended on customer data stored in â€Å"roughly 15 databases in different parts of company,† says Gonzales. Just to get to all the data about a customer, call center employees would have to navigate through four or five mainframe applications, while customers waited. The glitch resulted in a mandate from Toyota's office of the president for a centralized, single customer database. And Gonzales was tagged to make it happen. â€Å"The main goal was to service customers' calls quicker,† he says. But also, â€Å"as the volume of calls went up, we didn't want to increase the number of people in the call center. † Finding a way to pull off the consolidation turned out to be no mean feat. Gonzales and his team looked at a procession of products purportedly offering business intelligence,† but none fit the bill. Then, a solution was nearly dropped into his lap. While attending a Toyota Toyota, one of the most renowned auto company started having a problem around in 1998 when it failed o store its new brand product Lexus’s data’s ineffectively. Though all it did not happen on purpose, but accidentally the Lexus Company could not fulfil the requirement and satisfaction of its customer in its early trail of database maintenance. Lexus the Toyotas high end luxury system had implemented a Corporate Customer information System in which there were some problems seen regarding the recording of customer information and override of wrong information of the customer data. Though the company had best tried to save that customer information in a appropriate manner but due to the system deficiency the company was having a massive data quality problem. This problem aroused because the company failed to maintain and implement a central database system where all he customer information would be stored in a central database, which when required would display the multi branches customer information. The company had 15 different databases stored in 15 different parts of the company, where the individual company would only access their local data stored by the local branch. In words of Management we can correlate this problem as lack of centralised authority to data control, storing, maintenance and update of recent transactions. The world of Information Technology as compared to the Management is quite controversial. Controversial in a sense that, in proper management Decentralization and Delegation of authority is required to achieve the best results in efficient management performances while as in terms of Information Technology, it requires the access, storage, support and maintenance of centralised database system in order to keep the up to date records of every activities performed everyday to track down the right solution to the problem. An efficient Information System demands the availability of information and resources however and whenever demanded at any point of request. The database Toyota Lexus ha designed was to store all its customer info which would help when the system was asked to provide the customer details of the owner for organizational purpose. The objective LEXUS had established to serve its customer via maintaining a customer dataset could not be fulfilled as the purpose of developing a database could no be fulfilled as it resulted to various problems in miscommunication of information all around. The ownership of the vehicles ad been transferred to the people who did not even had the ownership license, the cheques were paid to the person who were even not entitled to receive and the legitimate information were passed where there had been frequent problems of fake customer identity. The customer details failed to validate the right owners of the vehicles which as a result led to a problem of data loss. Because of the problem, Toyota would return the owners car fixed, washed filled with fuel. Cheques were made payable to the people whom it did not even belonged to. CASE EXAMPLES Example: 1 http://www. internetautoguide. om/auto-recalls/09-int/1998/lexus/gs400/index. html APR 17, 1998 | Recall ID# 50473 Hide Details |Recall Reason |SUSPENSION:AUTOMATIC STABILITY CONTROL (ASC) | |Recall Date |APR 17, 1998 | |Model Affected |GS400 | |Potential Units Affected |14855 | Recall Summary | |VEHICLE DESCRIPTION: PASSENGER VEHICLES. DUE TO A MANUFACTURING DEFECT OF THE YAW RATE SENSOR FOR THE VEHICLE STABILITY | |CONTROL (VSC), THE VSC CAN OPERATE IMPROPERLY IF THE SENSOR IS AFFECTED BY CERTAIN ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES, SUCH AS FROM A | |CELLULAR PHONE. | |Consequence | |SHOULD THIS OCCUR, THE BRAKE MAY OPERATE UNEXPECTEDLY, AFFECTING STEERING AND SPEED CONTROL, INCREASING THE RISK OF A | |VEHICLE CRASH. |Remedy | |DEALERS WILL REPLACE THE YAW RATE SENSOR. | |Notes | |TOYOTA MOTOR CO. , LTD. | Example 2: http://www. justanswer. com/questions/35ik7-i-have-a-1998-lexus-es300-i-have-had-problems-with-the-gas Question I have a 1 998 Lexus ES300, I Have had problems with the gas pedals sticking on three occasions but paid no attention to it until I read about this problem on new cars. Have there been other cases reported with this model? What should I do about it? Submitted: 11 days and 23 hours ago. Category:  Lexus Value:  ? 7 Status:  CLOSED + Read  More Optional Information Year: 1998 Make: Lexus Model: ES300 Already Tried: I have a 1998 Lexus ES300, I Have had problems with the gas pedals sticking on three occasions but paid no attention to it until I read about this problem on new cars. Have there been other cases reported with this model? What should I do about it? Accepted Answer Hi, Your particular vehicle uses a mechanical, cable connection from the gas pedal to the throttle body as opposed to the electrical servo type throttles involved in the numerous recall related problems. Because of that, there would be no directly correlation between the two vehicles. That being said, there are 3 typical causes for sticking throttle in your vehicle. Least likely, but easiest to check is the infamous â€Å"floor mat obstruction†. This is typically noticeable while driving if your floor mat is interfering with the cable, but worth checking regardless. Second, is a worn out throttle cable. This is the cable that connects the gas pedal to the throttle body. Vehicles in northern states that have more issues with rust/corrosion are more likely to see a problem here. The cable is a thin metal wire sheathed in a plastic coating. As the exposed area of metal wire corrodes from environmental elements, it widens the cable making it more difficult to travel inside the cable sheath, often sticking. You can check this condition by operating the throttle body by hand an monitoring the cable to see if there is any resistance going into the sheath or if it travels smoothly. Lastly, and most common, is buildup of carbon/oil elements in the throttle body. Because of the ventilation system required by law, the throttle body is exposed to oil vapor from inside the engine via breathing hoses in the intake. Over time this builds up into a layer of hardened, baked-on oil inside the throttle body, right where the throttle plate needs to move. Due to it being softer than the metal throttle plate, the throttle plate always wins when it gets stuck, but the oil buildup does create resistance that will intermittently stick the throttle in position. Having the throttle body cleaned to prevent this should be done every 15k miles on this car for full assurance, or 30k miles at minimum for normal operation. Typical cost for cleaning is 1/2 hour labor (normal â€Å"minimum charge† at many shops), about $45 depending on the shops labor rate. pic] |Expert:   |Doug Cleland | |Pos. Feedback:   |100. 0 % | |Accepts:   |12 | |Answered:   |2/16/2010 | ASE Certified Technician Toyota Factory training and worked for a heavily Lexus trafficked Toyota store Read more: http://www. justanswer. com/questions/35ik7-i-have-a-1998-lexus-es300-i-have-had-problems-with-the-gas#ixzz0grgbynyy Example 3: http://www. motortrend. com/used_cars/07/1998/lexus/recalls/index. html Featured 1998 Recalls [pic] | |1998 Lexus LX470 | |Before you purchase a used car, make sure you check our comprehensive auto recall information to see if there are any | |problems that have been reported by the NHTSA. You can get detailed information on how and where to fix the car defect. | |Recall:   EXTERIOR LIGHTING : HEADLIGHTS | | | | | | | | | | Read more: http://www. motortrend. com/used_cars/07/1998/lexus/recalls/index. html#ixzz0grjp1yvD Take a noteworthy case in 1998. Toyota Motor Sales USA (TMS) responded to a recurring service problem with its Lexus vehicles by contacting owners, then picking up their vehicles, taking them in for repairs and leaving loaner cars as replacements. When done, the owners' cars were returned—fixed, washed and tanked up. That level of service was made possible by TMS's Corporate Customer Information System, an application used by the company's call center in Iowa to help handle warranty, roadside assistance, prepaid maintenance and other service requests. But 1998 didn't go altogether smoothly. Relying on data in that system, TMS began to mail checks to Lexus owners to replace troublesome tires. The checks, for more than $400 each, in some cases went to people who didn't even own a Lexus. One errant check even found its way to a Toyota auditor, for a vehicle he hadn't owned for a while. â€Å"You can imagine the repercussions of that,† says John Gonzales, data quality manager at TMS. â€Å"We can't afford to be giving money away to people who shouldn't be getting it. † The glitch was symptomatic of a bigger problem. The system depended on customer data stored in â€Å"roughly 15 databases in different parts of company,† says Gonzales. Just to get to all the data about a customer, call center employees would have to navigate through four or five mainframe applications, while customers waited. The glitch resulted in a mandate from Toyota's office of the president for a centralized, single customer database. And Gonzales was tagged to make it happen. â€Å"The main goal was to service customers' calls quicker,† he says. But also, â€Å"as the volume of calls went up, we didn't want to increase the number of people in the call center. † Finding a way to pull off the consolidation turned out to be no mean feat. Gonzales and his team looked at a procession of products purportedly offering business intelligence,† but none fit the bill. Then, a solution was nearly dropped into his lap. While attending a

Book Review: Every Day by David Levithan Essay

â€Å"I am a drifter, and as lonely as that can be, it is also remarkably freeing. I will never define myself in terms of anyone else. I will never feel the pressure of peers or the burden of parental expectation. I can view everyone as pieces of a whole, and focus on the whole, not the pieces. I have learned how to observe, far better than most people observe. I am not blinded by the past or motivated by the future. I focus on the present, because that’s where I am destined to live.†(pg.7) Every day, A wakes up in a new body: different race, different size, different gender†¦ A is not defined by any of these characteristics and tries to respect the host body as much as possible during the time spent in it. Then A, in the body of Justin, meets Rhiannon and everything changes. A feels a connection that has never happened before and A can’t let go of that feeling. From then on, each day as someone new, A and Rhiannon form a bond that gives a new meaning to love without restriction. David Levithan brilliantly brought real feelings into a imposable sounding book. A and Rhiannon have real chemistry; their love is not based on gender, race, or size. Every Day is the type of book that will stick with me and I’m thankful that David Levithan came up with such an ambitious concept. With his beautiful writing, I can only hope that it will open the eyes of people who may have a more restricted definition of what makes love true.

Direct Payment in London The WritePass Journal

Direct Payment in London Introduction Direct Payment in London ). What are personal budgets? Personal  budgets involve allocation of sufficient funding to service users following an assessment to meet their assessed requirements. Service users can either choose to take their personal budget in cash as a direct payment, or  leave the responsibility of commissioning the services upon local councils while still deciding for how their care needs are met and by whom (Samuel, 2012). The purpose By providing an alternative to social care services provided by a local council, direct payments and personal budget offer service users with more control over their life. Its enables them to look beyond ‘off the peg† solutions for care needs such as housing, employment, education and recreational activities in addition to personal assistant to meet their assessed care needs. It is aimed to increase the independence, social inclusion and self-esteem of service users (Department of Health, 2003). Impact of Direct Payments on Patients and Carers Several studies have shown that the direct payment and personal budget initiative is delivering positive outcomes for both service users and carers. The 2011 National Personal Budget Survey, which covered more than 2,000 people, reveals that direct payments and personal budgets are having overall positive impact on the lives of service users and providers. It concludes that the personal budgets holders are been supported with dignity and respect while being more independent and in control of their support. There was a general agreement that the basic element of self-directed support was present, including being made aware of the amount of money they were entitled to for their personal budget (77%). 81 % expressed that they were provided help with their personal budget, while 87 % said that their views were given importance in setting their support plan. Most of the users surveyed said that they had experienced improvements in 10 out of 14 areas of their lives with the use of personal budgets; 76% of the people surveyed reported that they were being treated with more dignity and respect; 75% reported of having more independence; 72% reported being in more control for their support needs; 68% reported of having more control of important things in life; 67% reported of having positive impact upon their relationships with those who paid to support them; 63% reported of having greater mental wellbeing; 59% reported positive impact upon physical health; 58% reported having improved relations hips with their families; 57% reported being more save inside and outside their houses; and 72% said that with personal budget in place, they were getting support for what they needed when they needed (Hatton and Water, 2011). As for the other 4 aspects which include getting a paid job, helping local communities, relationships with friends, and choosing where to live, personal budget holders expressed no significant change. 3% to 8% of the people surveyed expressed a negative impact on any of these aforementioned 14 aspects (Hatton and Water, 2011). These findings are consistent with several other studies regarding the impact of direct payment and personal budgets (see Appendix 1). The survey further revealed that the carers similarly indicated towards a positive impact of personal budgets on the lives of service users and themselves as carers and other family members. However, the carers were all negative about the aspects personal budget process and the stress associated with it (Hatton and Water, 2011). Take-Up across Client Groups It is widely established that direct payments and personal budgets have traditionally a higher take-up among younger adults – particularly among people with learning or physical disabilities and those with a long standing illness– compared to older people with learning disabilities and those with mental health problems and sensory impairment. (see fig 1.) Uptake of Personal Budget (Source: The National Personal Budget Plan Survey, 2011) According to the NHS information center, the data for the year 2010-2011 showed that 29% of older people (more than 65 years of age) were on personal budgets compared to 41% of working-age adults with a learning disability and 35% of working age physically disabled adults. Figure for people with mental health problem of working age was as low as 9% (Samuel, 2012). These figures highlight concerns that there is still a long way to go to make personal budget work for older people, people with mental health problems; all of which form a group of those with most complex needs. These issues have been highlighted in a number of studies and reports. (see Wood, 2011). Trends in Direct Payments In the year 2011, of more than  £1.5bn of the support budget administered by councils in England, almost one and every 7 pound was awarded through personal budgets. For as many as 27 councils in England, the practice of personal budget and direct payment extended to almost half of all service users. It amount to almost 38% of all the support service users in England. However, it has been noted that most of these people never get to handle the money they are entitled to which implies that the increase in trend has been mainly in managed personal budgets, with only a slight increase in direct payment (Brindle, 2011). According to the 2012 annual survey of Association of Directors of Adult Social Services, the current users of personal budgets amounted for 53% of all ongoing users of community services in England (Samuel, 2012). The aforementioned information indicates that overall, the personal budget and direct payment scheme has been positively affecting the social care structure of the UK. The impact of this initiative has improved the conditions of the service users and carers to a great extent. A large segment of the service users welcomes this initiative. The overall trend in the service sector indicates that personalized budgets and direct payments are the future of the provision of social care services. They are indeed a step towards the evolution of the services and care structure which is more user centered. Meeting the Deadline There is a growing concern regarding the target set by the government of having all council-funded users of current care and support on personal budgets by April 2013 that whether it is truly helping achieve actual choice and control for people with the most complex and greatest needs. The target of 2013 has been called into question by the likes of Martin Routledge, who is the program director of Think Local Act Personal, the sector coalition responsible for implementing the agenda. As the head of operation at In Control, he says that â€Å"I have talked to dozens of local authority managers this year and most have expressed general positivity towards personal budgets and direct payments but also fear the risk of unintended consequences of the 2013 goal. Most felt that as they needed to get many more older people included, there would be a high risk of superficial compliance but not a great actual extension of choice and control. (Samuel, 2012b) Various observers and studies have indicated some of the most important impediments in achieving the 2013 deadlines as follows:  · The supply of services and its market is currently not as responsive to coincide with the demand of those on personal budgets or receiving direct payments – and therefore, personal budgets are of little use without adequate supply of services (Samuel, 2012b)  ·The groups that are least likely to receive personal budgets or direct payments such as old people who prefer not to take the responsibility of commissioning services in their own hands or people with complex or mental health problems such dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, etc. pose a significant challenge in achieving the target (Samuel, 2012b)  ·Long and complex assessment forms and the approval of council panels instead of workers for personal budget support plans have the process much more tedious. Excessive bureaucracy has beset the implementation of personal budget and direct payments. According to a survey, 82% of the social care professionals say there is more bureaucracy involved in their work due to personalization (Donovan, 2012). Conclusion Personal Budget and direct payment is now the mainstream method of delivering social care. By April 2013, all the people receiving care support are expected to have a personal plan or receive direct payments. Direct payment or personal budgets have delivered much better positive outcomes for various aspects of lives for both users and carers than traditionally arranged services. The number of people acquiring support through personal plan or direct payment is steadily increasing, although some user groups remain low such as old people and those with complex problems.   Despite the increasing prevalence of direct payment and personal budgets, there are several impediments that should be addressed in order to achieve the 2013 target. References Adams L, Godwin L. (2008) Employment   Aspects and Workforce Implications of Direct Payments. London: Prepared for Skills for Care by IFF Research 2008. 112. RCN Policy Unit. Individual Budgets: Royal College of Nursing 2008 Contract No.: 04/2008 Brindle, D. (2011) Are direct payments for social care still living up to their name? The Guardian {online} guardian.co.uk/society/2011/jun/22/personal-budgets-social-care-choice-compromised   (cited on 30th August, 2012) Department of Health (2003) Direct Payments Guidance: Community Care, Services for Carers and Children’s Services (Direct Payments) Guidance England 2003 September 2003 London: DH Donovan, T.   (2012) Personal budgets increasingly bureaucratic, say professionals Community Care. {online} communitycare.co.uk/Articles/04/07/2012/118340/personal-budgets-increasingly-bureaucratic-say-professionals.htm (cited on 30th August, 2012) Hatton, C and Water, J. (2011) National Personal Budget Survey 2011. Think Local Act Personal. {online} thinklocalactpersonal.org.uk/_library/Resources/Personalisation/Personalisation_advice/2011/POET_surveys_June_2011_-_EMBARGOED.pdf (cited on 30th August, 2012) Samuel, M. (2012) Expert guide to direct payments, personal budgets and individual budgets. Community Care. {online} communitycare.co.uk/Articles/25/07/2012/102669/direct-payments-personal-budgets-and-individual-budgets.htm (cited on 30th August, 2012) Samuel, M. (2012b) Where now for personal budgets? Community Care: Adult Care Blog. {online} communitycare.co.uk/blogs/adult-care-blog/2012/03/where-now-for-personal-budgets.html(cited on 30th August, 2012) Think Local Act Personal (2011) Personal Budgets Taking Stocks, Moving Forward. {online} thinklocalactpersonal.org.uk/_library/Resources/Personalisation/TLAP/Paper5TakingStockMovingForwards.pdf (cited on 3th September, 2012)